Characteristics Influencing the Occurrence of Respiratory Medical Device-related Pressure Ulcers in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

PURPOSE: This prospective study was conducted to determine the incidence and related characteristics of respiratory medical device-related pressure ulcers (MDRPU) in children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS: The participants were 184 children who were admitted to the PICU of P University Hospital from April 2016 to January 2017. Data were collected on the occurrence of respiratory MDRPU and characteristics regarding the application of respiratory medical devices. RESULTS: Respiratory MDRPU occurred in 11.9% of participants (58.3%: stage I ulcers, 37.5%: mucosal ulcers). The devices associated with respiratory MDRPU were endotracheal tubes (54.2%), high-flow nasal cannulas (37.5%), and oximetry probes (8.3%). Respiratory MDRPU associated with an endotracheal tube were significant differences according to the site and strength of fixation, the use of a bite block and adhesive tape, skin dryness, and edema. In high-flow nasal cannulas, significant differences were found according to the site of fixation, immobility after fixation, and skin dryness. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of respiratory MDRPU is significantly affected by the method and strength of fixation, as well as skin dryness and edema. Therefore, appropriate consideration of these factors in nursing care can help prevent respiratory MDRPU.

How Does Advance Provision of Emergency Contraceptives Affect Contraceptive Use and Sexual Activity Among Adolescents? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of emergency contraceptive pill on adolescent sexuality and contraceptive behaviors through a meta - analysis of intervention studies on advance provision of emergency contraceptives. This study aimed to provide objective data on the transition of general medicines to be discussed in relation to the reclassification of emergency contraceptive pills. METHODS: Using electronic database, 1,820 studies written in Korean or English without limitation of the year were reviewed and for analysis, 5 studies were selected, in which emergency contraceptives were provided to adolescents. RESULTS: The advance provision of emergency contraceptives has increased their use and shortened the time it takes to take contraceptive pills after unprotected sex. There was no change in the frequency of engaging in sexual intercourse and unprotected sex or in existing contraceptive behavior, pregnancy rates decreased, but there was no increase in sexually transmitted infection. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide objective grounds for the reclassification of emergency contraceptive pills and propose effective interventional programs on contraceptive education, such as on efficacy and side effects of the contraceptive drug and its proper use among the youth who engage in sexual activity, to improve their reproductive health.

Effect of Nurses' Incivility Experienced by Nursing Student, Coping on Burnout in Clinical Practice / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of nurse's incivility experienced by nursing students and coping against incivility on burnout in clinical practice. METHODS: A cross-sectional correlation study design was used. The subjects were 120 nursing student from four universities in Busan and Yangsan, South Korea. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data on incivility, coping, and burnout. Finally total 117 nursing students' data was analyzed except 3 nursing students who had never experienced nurse's incivility for clinical practice. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression. RESULTS: 97.5% of subjects (n=120) experienced incivility. Incivility was positively correlated with seeking social support coping, avoiding focused coping and burnout. Incivility and avoiding focused coping had a significant positive effect on burnout. The explained variance for burnout was 10.0% and avoiding focused coping was the most significant factor in burnout. CONCLUSION: Most of nursing students experience the nurses' incivility. Judging incivility as a difficult problem to solve, students use more avoiding focused coping strategy and burnout is increased. Therefore education is needed to improve the coping strategies at incivility. Additionally colleges and hospitals should establish the formal reporting system to handle the incivility.